INNOCENTI DECLARATION

On the Protection, Promotion 
and Support of Breastfeeding.

RECOGNISING THAT: Breastfeeding is a unique process that:

• Provides ideal nutrition for infants and contributes to their healthy growth and development 
• Reduces incidence and severity of infectious diseases, thereby lowering infant morbidity and mortality 
• Contributes to women's health by reducing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and by increasing the spacing between pregnancies 
• Provides social and economic benefits to the family and the nation 
• Provides most women with a sense of satisfaction when successfully carried out

• these benefits increase with increased exclusiveness of breastfeeding during the first six months of life, and thereafter with increased duration of breastfeeding with complementary foods, and 
• programme intervention can result in positive changes in breastfeeding behaviour

WE THEREFORE DECLARE THAT:

Attainment of this goal requires, in many countries, the reinforcement of a "breastfeeding culture" and its vigorous defence against incursions of a "bottle-feeding culture". This requires commitment and advocacy for social mobilization, utilizing to the full the prestige and authority of acknowledged leaders of society in all walks of life.

Efforts should be made to increase women's confidence in their ability to breastfeed. Such empowerment involves the removal of constraints and influences that manipulate perceptions and behaviour towards breastfeeding, often by subtle and indirect means. This requires sensitivity, continued vigilance, and a responsive and comprehensive communications strategy involving all media and addressed to all levels of society. Furthermore, obstacles to breastfeeding within the health system, the workplace and the community must be eliminated.

Measures should be taken to ensure that women are adequately nourished for their optimal health and that of their families. Furthermore, ensuring that all women also have access to family planning information and services allows them to sustain breastfeeding and avoid shortened birth intervals that may compromise their health and nutritional status, and that of their children.

All governments should develop national breastfeeding policies and set appropriate national targets for the 1990s. They should establish a national system for monitoring the attainment of their targets, and they should develop indicators such as the prevalence of exclusively breastfed infants at discharge from maternity services, and the prevalence of exclusively breastfed infants at four months of age.

National authorities are further urged to integrate their breastfeeding policies into their overall health and development policies. In so doing they should reinforce all actions that protect, promote and support breastfeeding within complementary programmes such as prenatal and perinatal care, nutrition, family planning services, and prevention and treatment of common maternal and childhood diseases. All healthcare staff should be trained in the skills necessary to implement these breastfeeding policies.

OPERATIONAL TARGETS

• Appointed a national breastfeeding coordinator of appropriate authority, and established a multisectoral national breastfeeding committee composed of representatives from relevant government departments, non-governmental organizations, and health professional associations 
• Ensured that every facility providing maternity services fully practises all ten of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeedingset out in the joint WHO/UNICEF statement "Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding: the special role of maternity services". 
• Taken action to give effect to the principles and aim of all Articles of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant World Health Assembly resolutions in their entirety; and 
• enacted imaginative legislation protecting the breastfeeding rights of working women and established means for its enforcement

• Draw up action strategies for protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding, including global monitoring and evaluation of their strategies 
• Support national situation analyses and surveys and the development of national goals and targets for action; and 
• Encourage and support national authorities in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating their breastfeeding policies